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Patented May 2,2, 1888.

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L. S. BUPFINGTON. IRON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

No. 383,170. Patented May 22, 1888.

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No. 888,170. Patented May 22, 1888.

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L. S. BUIPINGTON. IRON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

No. 383,170. Patented May 22, 1888.

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LEROY S. BUFFINGTON, OF MINNEAPOLlS, MINNESOTA.

CONSTRUCTION,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 383,170, dated May 22, 1388.

Application filed November 14, 1887. Serial Nodl (No model.)v

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that l, LEROY S. BUFFINGTON, a citizen ot the United States, residing at Fin` neapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Iron-Building Construction, of which the following is a specilication.

My invention relates to fire-proof buildings composed chielly of iron; and the objects ot' the invention are mainly, first, the construction ot' an iron building in a manner that will practically obviate undue expansion and contraction during the extremes of heat and cold; second, a novel construction and arrangement of the main structure and of the stairs and elevator-shafts, whereby there is attained the necessary strength and stability, together with compactness and the utilization of the space to the best advantage, and third,van improved plan of floors, and means of bracing the iron beams in iire-proof lioors in such structure.

The invention consists in the novel construe tion and combinations of parts, hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims; and theimprovements are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is an elevation of a building embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a central vertical sectional elevation of the same on the lines v o of Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are plan views on the lines a o', al o2, and o3 n3, respectively, of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an enlarged floor plan on the line 'U3 as of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 shows on a still larger scale the arrangement ot stairs and elevators shown in Fig. 6. Figs. 8 and 9 are sectional views of the stairs on the lines n; w and 'w' w', respectively, of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of the building-wall, show ing in detail the construction and arrange ment of the parts, and also the floor construction. Fig. 11 shows the wall construction in horizontalscction. Figs. 12 and 13 also show the same in vertical sectional and front views, respectively, and on a larger scale. Fig. 14 is a vertical sectional view, enlarged, ot' the .door on the line a: 0J of Fig. 10. Fig. 15 is a front elevation ot a portion of the waltframing, and Fig. 16 shows in elevation one ofthe interior columns serving as door-supports.

Figs. 17 and 18 are front elevations of two of the posts and the girts and beams, showing different modes of arranging the parts. Fig. 19 is a perspective view from the exterior of a portion ot' a post-,the girts, beams, angle plates, and shelt' for the veneer; and Fig. 20 is a perspective view, enlarged, of a portion ot one ofthe posts, showing the manner of securing the plates and breakingjoints.

In the several views, A A designate laminated framing-posts composed of plates a, of iron or steel, laid together so as to break joints, and secured together by bolts or rivets c. The plates should be relativelyA long, and those for the lower portion ofthe posts of unequal length, so that as other plates are added they may overlap and break jointthrougliout the entire length ofthe structure. The posts are made to suitably diminish in thickness for the successive stories by omission of an outer plate, c, at proper intervals, so that the general shape of the posts will be tapering from foundation to root', and they can of course be constructed in this manner of any desired height, regard heilig had to thesize andproper proportioning ot the plates in the structure, and thus form, when braced, a continuous skeletony or frame extending from bottom to top ofthe structure.

rPhe framingposts Aare braced by diagonal braces B, in the bays between the windows, and by horizontal braces B, in the bays in which the windows are placed, and they are also connected at each floor by horizontal girts O, which extend entirely around the structure, and are made continuous by connecting their ends by tishplates,or by overlapping and riveting, and are fastened to the posts by angleplates c,- and the framing is further connected and strengthed by a system of horizontal ties, D, at each iloor, which also form a part of the floor-support both longitudinally and transversely. These tics D have one end fastened to the posts A and the other end fastened to atie, D, extending in transverse di rection, and a rectangular opening, E, is thus formed in the center' of the structure. (See Fig. 6.) At the junction of the ties, and at such other intervals as may be necessary, are columns F, extending to and supporting the ties D of the floor next above.

Interior walls or partitions, G, may be built ICO up from the ties D to the next iloor, and the Ynoniconductiug material, for the purpose set space between such walls and the outer building-walls may be divided by partitions H, as shown, or in such other arrangement as desired.

In the angles of the central space, E, are arranged the elevators I. Three elevators may be conveniently arranged in each angle, with their cables i operating in the interior space, e, between the elevatorwvalls and stairs.

K K are double pairs of stairs placed at right angles to each other across the space interm ediate the elevators, the one,K, leading to alanding, j, midway of the story, and the other, K, at right angles to the former and leading to the iioor above.

The ioors L are supported on the iron beams D,whieh rest on girts C, and are connected by tie-rods u, extending diagonally from the up per and lower portions of the beam, respectively, to the lower and upper portions of the adjacent beams, as shown in Figs. 10 and 14. An arched terra-cotta or other fireprooting material, m, is built in between the beams in the usual way, and the tie rods prevent the spreading or twisting of the beams D, and the interior of the framing is covered with a lireproof tiling, o, or other material in the ordinary manner.

Around the entire exterior of the framing, except the windowspaces, is a sheathing, P, ot' wire lath or other suitable material for the inner support of a thick covering, Q, of mineral wool or other noncondueting substance, and this is in turn covered on its exterior surface by a second sheathing, P', of wire lath or other suitable material, and R is an exterior veneering, of stone or other suitable material, supported at each story (and at closer intervals when necessary) by shelves s, that rest upon and are secured to projecting portions c of the angle-plates c, and the veneering is se cured at proper points by anchorrods i, that are made fast to the braces B B.

Having fully described my in vention. what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, 1s

1. A building having a continuous skeleton of metal, a covering of veneer, and a non-conducting packing between the skeleton and veneer, for the purpose set forth.

2. In a building-frame, a continuous diminishing laminated post formed of layers of metal plates secured together and arranged to break joints and decreasing in number toward the top.

3. In iron-building` construction, the combination,with a framing composed of continuous laminated posts suitably connected by braces and girts, of tie-beams secured thereto and to one another, substantially as set forth.

4. In iron-building construction, the combination, with a framing composed ofcontinuous laminated framing posts suitably counected by braces, of an exterior covering of forth.

5.` In iron-building construction, the combination, with a framing composed of lami nated posts suitably connected by braces and girts, of an exterior covering of non-conducting material, and a stone or other veneering exterior thereto and supported on shelves secured to the framing, substantially as set forth.

G. In a frame for a building of two or more stories, a series of tapering posts extending from base to top of the frame and formed of metal plates in layers secured with their fiat sides together and arranged to break joints, and braces and girts for connecting and securing the posts, substantially as set forth.

7. In a building-frame, a series of continuous framing-posts composed of metal plates secured with their dat sides together and breaking joints, in combination with girts and tie-beams secured thereto at each door, substantially as set forth.

8. Thecombination,withthelaminatedposts, of the continuous girts secured thereto, and the tie-beams, also secured thereto and to one another, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination, with the framing-posts and braces, of the wire lath or equivalent coverings, the non-conducting packing and the veneering supported by the shelves, and anchor-rods, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. The combination, with the buildingframe composed of the laminated posts, girts, tie-beams, and pillars, arranged to form a central well, of the elevator shafts and stairs arranged therein, substantially in the manner set forth.

l1. The combination, with the buildingframe constructed with a central well, of ele- A vator shafts arranged in the corners of such well and flights of stairs rising from opposite sides of such well to a central landing, and other flights rising from said landing to the other sides of such well, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination, with the posts and girts forming the outer frame, of the beams having their outer ends resting ou the girts and secured to the posts, and their inner ends secured to beams that are transverse to them, the pillars therefor, and the diagonal tie-rods, substantially as set forth.

18. The combination, with the posts and girts, of the angle-plates connecting them and forming supports for the veneer shelves.

14. rlhe combination, with the posts and their braces, of the plates forming the shelfsupports, the shelves, the veneer, and the anchor-rods, substantially as set forth.

LEROY S. BUFFINGTON.

Witnesses:

M. T. HANLEY, HARVEY ELLIS. 

